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Data formats

Notes

Used conventions

The vertical line symbol | indicates concatenation, either string or byte array.
E.g.: “abcd”|”efgh” = “abcdefgh”, and
{ 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 } | { 0x04, 0x05, 0x06} = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06 }

Relevant functions

Address Format

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.Address

v0 Addresses:

Description

A v0 address always start with the byte 0. The address itself is represented by a truncated sha512qu hash of the wallet’s public key (pubkey length may vary). The hash is truncated to 32 bytes. Finally, another sha512sq hash is calculated from the 33-byte array (version|address) and truncated to 3 bytes, which are appended to the address, thus yielding 36 total bytes for a complete address.

Specification

Length = 36 bytes  
Format = version | raw_address | checksum  
  
version = 1 byte, always 0x0 for addresses v0  
raw_address = 32 bytes, `truncate(sha512qu(pubkey) , 32)`  
checksum = 3 bytes, `truncate(sha512sq(version|raw_address), 3)`  

For the primary address (the first address generated from a specific public key):  
raw_address = 32 bytes, `truncate(sha512qu(public_key), 32)`  
  
For subsequent addresses:  
raw_address = 32 bytes, `truncate(sha512qu(primay_address|nonce), 32)`

v1 Addresses:

Description

The wallet’s public key is used to generate a 44-byte truncated sha512sq hash, which is designated the primary address. This address is implied to have a nonce value of 0.
When a subsequent address is required for the same public key, the nonce value is incremented and a new address is generated from the primary address and the new nonce value. Implementations might decide to use random nonce values, rather than sequential, but make sure that nonce values do not repeat - same nonce value will produce the same address.

This enables Ixian to rapidly generate as many new addresses as required with a low computational impact. Verification of the new addresses requires the original public key, but since that may be cached, transactions need only include the primary address and the nonce value, reducing network requirements.

Note: A nonce value is exactly 16 bytes long, with the only exception when the address being generated represents the Primary Address for that specific public key. This Primary Address is calculated with a null nonce value.

The nonce is generated as follows:

base_nonce = sha512SqTrunc(private_key)
new_nonce = sha512SqTrunc(base_nonce | last_nonce)

Where last_nonce is the most recently used nonce value. This method generates repeatable, deterministic addresses, which can only be computed by whoever has the corresponding private key. A full wallet backup is not required whenever a new address is generated, because all possible addresses can be deduced from only the private and public keys.

Specification

Length = 48 bytes  
Format = version | raw_address | checksum  
  
version = 1 byte, always 0x1 for addresses v1  
raw_address = 44 bytes, `truncate(sha512sq(pubkey_or_address), 44)`  
checksum = 3 bytes, `truncate(sha512sq(version|raw_address), 3)`  

For the primary address (the first address generated from a specific public key):  
raw_address = 44 bytes, `truncate(sha512sq(public_key), 44)`  
  
For subsequent addresses:  
raw_address = 44 bytes, `truncate(sha512sq(primay_address|nonce), 44)`

Key format

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.IxianKeyPair IXICore.CryptoLib

v0 Public key

Description

The v0 public key does not have any headers and is always 523 bytes long (4096-bit keys)

Specification

Length = 523 bytes  
Format = raw_pubkey (see v1 raw_pubkey)

v1 Public key (and v0 Public key with header)

Description

v1 Pubkey includes the minimum version of address it is able to generate, as well as the version of the pubkey record.
Note: v0 and v1 pubkeys have exactly the same raw layout, the only difference is the prepended header for v1.

Specification

Length = variable  
Format = address_version | pubkey_version | raw_pubkey  
  
address_version = 1 byte, always 0x1 (future use)  
pubkey_version = 4 bytes, always 0x0 (future use)  
raw_pubkey =   mod_len | modulus  
             | pub_exp_len | pub_exponent

v0 Private key

Description

The v0 private key does not have any headers. The length varies and is represented by an int field before each data element.

Specification

Length = 523 bytes  
Format = raw_privkey (see v1 raw_privkey)

v1 Private key (and v0 Private key with header)

Description

v1 Privkey includes the minimum version of address it is able to generate, as well as the version of the privkey record.
Note: v0 and v1 privkeys have exactly the same raw layout, the only difference is the prepended header for v1.
Note: The beginning of the private and public key structures is exactly the same. Therefore, a public key can be quickly extracted from the private key.

Specification

Length = variable  
Format = address_version | privkey_version | raw_privkey
  
address_version = 1 byte, always 0x1 (future use)  
privkey_version = 4 bytes, always 0x0 (future use)  
raw_privkey =  mod_len | modulus  
             | pub_exp_len | pub_exponent  
             | p_len | p_prime  
             | q_len | q_prime  
             | dp_len | dp_exponent1  
             | dq_len | dq_exponent2  
             | iq_len | inverse_q  
             | d_len | d_private_exponent

Presence

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.PresenceList IXICore.Presence

Description

Presences are how Ixian DLT network keeps track of which nodes and clients are online or offline.

Specification

Length = varies, depending on contents
Format = version
         | wallet_len | wallet
         | pubkey_len | pubkey
         | meta_len | metadata
         | num_addresses | address_record
         | owner

Note: For a description of the address_record format, see Presence Address in the next section.

Presence Address

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.PresenceAddress

Description

A presence address represents a network endpoint on which the specific node or client device may be reached.

Specification

Length = varies, depending on contents
Format = version
         | device
         | address
         | type 
         | nodeVersion
         | lastSeenTime
         | sig_len | signature

Transaction

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.Transaction IXICore.Transction.Type IXICore.Transaction.MultisigWalletChangeType IXICore.Transaction.MultisigAddrAdd IXICore.Transaction.MultisigAddrDel IXICore.Transaction.MultisigChSig IXICore.Transaction.MultisigTxData

Description

The Transction object is the cornerstone of any DLT network. It represents a single, atomic operation in much the same way as a transactional database.
In most cases, a Transaction represents the transfer of funds between two wallets, but it may also signify some other change in the network.

Specification

Length = varies, depending on contents
Format = version
         | type
         | amount
         | fee
         | to_list_count | to_list_entry[]
         | from_list_count | from_list_entry[]
         | data_len | data
         | block_height
         | nonce
         | time_stamp
         | checksum_len | checksum
         | signature_len | signature
         | pubkey_len | pubkey

to_list_entry = address_len | address | amount
from_list_entry = address_len | address | amount

Note: The amounts are sent as strings with decimal representation of IxiNumber values. Note: address in to_list_entry or from_list_entry is either a full address or a special address nonce value. Use the functions in the class DLT.Address to convert them into a proper format.
See also: Address Format

Wallet

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.WalletType IXICore.Wallet

Description

The Wallet object contains primarily the amount of funds for a specific Ixian DLT wallet. This structure is held and synchronized by the DLT Master nodes and checked using the field walletStateChecksum in the Block object.

Specification

Length = varies, depending on contents
Format = id_len | id
         | balance
         | data_len | data
         | type
         | required_sigs
         | num_allowed_signers | allowed_signer[]
         | pubkey_len | pubkey

allowed_signer = address_len | address

Note: balance is encoded as a string with the decimal representation of IxiNumber.

Block

Relevant C# objects:

IXICore.Block

Description

The Block object describes a single, coherent unit of work for the DLT network. The specific invariant is that applying a block to a known WalletState (the WalletState as described by the previous block), a new WalletState is produced which: a. Has all the transactions in the block applied to Wallets. b. Matches the checksum in the block.

A block uniquely identifies the previous block (and thus, previous WalletState) through a lastBlockChecksum field and specifies a list of transaction identifiers (txid) which should be applied next to the WalletState.

Note: Some blocks (every 1000th block) do not contain the usual transactions and signatures, but is a Superblock and contains a summary of the previous 999 blocks.

Specification

Length = varies, depending on contents
Format = version | block_number
         | num_transactions | transaction[]
         | num_signatures | signature[]
         | checksum_len | checksum
         | previous_checksum_len | previous_checksum
         | walletstate_checksum_len | walletstate_checksum
         | signature_freeze_checksum_len | signature_freeze_checksum
		 | difficulty
		 | timestamp
		 | previous_superblock_height
		 | previous_superblock_checksum_len | previous_superblock_checksum
		 | num_superblock_segments | superblock_segment[]

signature = signature_len | signature | address_len | address
superblock_segment = block_number | block_checksum_len | block_checksum

Note: balance is encoded as a string with the decimal representation of IxiNumber.

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